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A urologist is a specialized medical doctor who focuses on diagnosing and treating conditions related to the urinary tract in men, women, and adolescents. This complex system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, all of which play a vital role in removing waste and toxins from the body. In men, the urologist also addresses disorders involving the male reproductive system, such as the prostate, testes, and penis. Common issues treated by urologists include frequent urination, urinary incontinence, kidney stones, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and more complex conditions like bladder or kidney cancer. Urologists also manage male infertility and erectile dysfunction, as well as conditions involving the adrenal glands, which sit atop the kidneys and are responsible for hormone production. Because of the close relationship between the urinary and reproductive systems, especially in men, the term "genitourinary system" is often used to describe their overlapping functions. Women may visit a urologist for issues like interstitial cystitis, pelvic organ prolapse, or stress incontinence. Urologists use a combination of medical therapies, lifestyle guidance, minimally invasive procedures, and surgery to help patients restore normal urinary and reproductive function, significantly improving quality of life.
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